Writing for non-specialist reviewers: how to make complex ideas clear

Even the best science can fall flat if the reviewer can’t follow it. Most funding schemes use panels made up of diverse experts — meaning your main reviewer might be brilliant in their own field but unfamiliar with yours.

According to ARC and NHMRC guidelines, assessors are expected to review projects outside their direct area of expertise to ensure fairness and breadth of perspective. (ARC Assessor Handbook 2024)

Here’s how to make sure your proposal lands clearly — no matter who’s reading it.

1. Lead with meaning, not method

Your opening paragraph sets the tone. Start with what your project will do for Australia, then explain how you’ll do it.

💡 Example:

“This project will develop new bioplastics derived from seaweed waste to reduce landfill and strengthen circular manufacturing.”

The goal comes first; the method follows.

2. Translate specialist language

Technical terms are fine — unexplained jargon isn’t. Reviewers skim quickly (on average 12–18 minutes per proposal in ARC Discovery rounds, according to Research Evaluation, 2019), so clarity counts.

Tip: Introduce concepts once, in plain English, then use consistent shorthand.

“Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) — a technique for analysing crystal structure — we will…”

3. Use structure to guide understanding

Non-specialist readers rely on headings and transitions to orient themselves.
✅ Descriptive subheadings (“Why this matters,” “Expected outcomes”)
✅ Short paragraphs (3–4 sentences)
✅ Active, direct sentences

Good formatting isn’t cosmetic — it’s cognitive support.

4. Anchor your research in national relevance

Funders care less about niche novelty and more about contribution to national goals. Tie your proposal to frameworks like:

• Future Made in Australia Act 2025
• National Reconstruction Fund priority areas
  
• National Science and Research Priorities

This instantly grounds your project in reviewer-friendly language.

5. Review with outsiders before you submit

A trusted non-expert colleague can spot what reviewers will miss.
Ask:

• “Can you explain what this project does?”
  
• “Why would this matter nationally?”
  If they hesitate, you’ve found a clarity gap.
  

Writing for non-specialists doesn’t mean dumbing down — it means bringing your expertise into focus. Reviewers can only champion what they understand.

Need help simplifying your message without losing rigour? Talk to Straight Up — we turn complex ideas into clear, fundable stories.